Claude’s syndrome

This are syndrome was first described by Laude in 1912. It is caused by a unilateral infraction in the region of paramedian upper midbrain that involves the third nerve nucleus and/or the oculomotor nerve fibers and cerebellothalamic pathways.

The consequences are ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral tremor and ataxia. The causes of Claude’s are including vascular occlusion, branch of posterior cerebral artery and tumor.

 Benedikt’s syndrome is a combination of Weber’s syndrome and Claude’s syndrome.
Claude’s syndrome 

Benedikt syndrome

Benedikt syndrome is a posterior circulation stoke of the brain. It is caused by cerebral infarction as a result of occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery.

Benedikt syndrome is similar to Weber syndrome, but the necrosis involves the medial lemniscus and red nucleus, producing contralateral hemianesthesia and involuntary movements of the limbs of the opposite side.

Diagnostic characteristics of Benedikt syndrome including:
*Ipsilateral oculomotor palsy
*Contralateral cerebellar ataxia, tremor and hemiparesis
Benedikt syndrome

Note: Weber syndrome, which is commonly produced by occlusion of a branch of the posterior cerebral artery that supplies the midbrain, results in the necrosis of brain tissue involving the oculomotor nerve and the crus cerebri.

Weber’s syndrome

The syndrome is a combination of ophthalmoplegia and contralateral hemiparesis. This is the case of cerebral embolism in the basilar circulation due to chronic atrial fibrillation. Cerebral emboli most commonly involves the carotid circulation.

Weber’s syndrome is just one of the many ways strokes in the basilar artery circulation may present. Infarction in the pons may present with abducens and facial palsy.

Occlusion of the paramedian branches of the posterior or superior cerebellar arteries causes contralateral hemiparesis of the limb and facial muscles accompanied by ipsilateral oculomotor ophthalmoplegia.

The specific oculomotor deficits may include a dilated, unresponsive pupil, a drooping eyelid, and an eye that deviates downward.
Weber’s syndrome