tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361603742024-03-13T18:58:26.773-07:00HEALTHY MINDA sound mental state influences a positive outlook and enhances emotional well-being. Prioritizing positive aspects contributes to mental and physical well-being, driven by a desire to relish life and experience vitality through exercise and adopting a healthier lifestyle.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger193125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-78289237284889490252024-03-13T00:19:00.000-07:002024-03-13T00:19:13.485-07:00PDD: Understanding Neurodevelopmental DisordersPervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) represent a spectrum of neurobiological conditions characterized by core deficits in social interaction, communication skills, and the presence of repetitive behaviors. These disorders, affecting approximately five to 15 children per 10,000 births, manifest differently across individuals, yet share fundamental features that hinder their understanding of the world.<br /><br />Children with PDDs often experience confusion in their cognitive processing, making it challenging to navigate social interactions and interpret sensory stimuli. While these conditions affect both genders, they are more prevalent in boys, except for Rett syndrome, which primarily affects girls.<br /><br />A hallmark of PDDs is the manifestation of stereotyped behaviors, such as hand flapping or rocking, alongside narrow and intense interests. Moreover, individuals may struggle with transitions and exhibit unusual sensory sensitivities, contributing to difficulties in adapting to change.<br /><br />Cognitive deficits and uneven skill development further characterize PDDs, creating a diverse range of symptoms across the spectrum. At one end, individuals may exhibit limited desire or ability to engage with others, while at the other extreme, symptoms akin to those of autistic disorder may be present.<br /><br />The spectrum of pervasive developmental disorders encompasses five distinct types, each with its unique features and challenges. These include autism, characterized by significant impairments in social interaction and communication; Asperger's syndrome, marked by milder social difficulties and a strong focus on specific interests; childhood disintegrative disorder, involving a regression in previously acquired skills; Rett's syndrome, a rare genetic disorder primarily affecting girls; and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), encompassing individuals who do not fit neatly into the other categories but still exhibit pervasive developmental challenges.<br /><br />In conclusion, PDDs represent a complex array of neurodevelopmental conditions that profoundly impact individuals' social, cognitive, and behavioral functioning. Understanding the nuances of these disorders is crucial for early identification, intervention, and support to enhance the quality of life for affected individuals and their families.<br /><i>PDD: Understanding Neurodevelopmental Disorders</i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-24430708558183590102024-03-01T07:52:00.000-08:002024-03-01T07:52:17.852-08:00Dendrites: The Neural ReceiversIn the intricate landscape of the nervous system, dendrites stand as vital conduits of information, shaping the essence of neuronal communication. Their significance traces back to the pioneering work of Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters in 1860, who delineated these structures alongside axons, laying the foundation for our understanding of neural architecture.<br /><br />Dendrites, characterized by their finger-like projections, epitomize the receptive domain of a neuron. They serve as the primary site for receiving electrochemical signals from other neurons, orchestrating the intricate dance of synaptic transmission. Unlike axons, which are elongated and uniform, dendrites exhibit a branching pattern, extending from the soma like delicate tendrils reaching out to embrace incoming stimuli.<br /><br />The pivotal role of dendrites lies in their ability to integrate synaptic inputs, determining the fate of neuronal activation. Each dendritic branch acts as a sensor, collecting signals from myriad sources and amalgamating them into a cohesive message for the cell body. It is this collective input that governs the decision of whether the neuron will initiate an action potential, thereby influencing neural circuitry and behavior.<br /><br />Despite their slender appearance, dendrites harbor a complex array of cellular machinery essential for their function. Within these structures reside an assortment of cytoskeletal elements, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. These components collaborate in a symphony of molecular activity, facilitating protein synthesis crucial for signal propagation and synaptic plasticity within the dendritic arbor.<br /><br />The architectural design of dendrites reflects their functional specialization. Typically measuring around two micrometers in length, dendrites branch extensively, forming intricate networks known as dendritic trees. These arboreal structures envelop the neuron, extending their reach to capture signals from distant synaptic contacts. In contrast, axons maintain a consistent radius and can span considerable distances, conveying signals to remote regions of the nervous system.<br /><br />In essence, dendrites embody the essence of neuronal receptivity, serving as the gateway to neural information processing. Their intricate morphology and molecular machinery underscore their indispensable role in shaping neuronal function and connectivity. As we delve deeper into the complexities of the nervous system, the significance of dendrites emerges as a testament to the elegance of nature's design in orchestrating the symphony of cognition and behavior.<br /><i>Dendrites: The Neural Receivers<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_Ss8b3bnjc2BWlSJ0Uv7yb3IGgyz1WQxsFuG1Npgh9WbaaDuDitYFiBdqk-10Tfp0Qm4Vttun618Z-LvEjhGGVUnSsbM4Ff4fLlTxLgxHZDPdzDJwUwacNUfYr7VShd8FJQMCOilsKtDXR35jCThaTNUSsYj0Pv9m-3zBVeaTisXVbvEXLAq6Og/s1182/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="1182" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_Ss8b3bnjc2BWlSJ0Uv7yb3IGgyz1WQxsFuG1Npgh9WbaaDuDitYFiBdqk-10Tfp0Qm4Vttun618Z-LvEjhGGVUnSsbM4Ff4fLlTxLgxHZDPdzDJwUwacNUfYr7VShd8FJQMCOilsKtDXR35jCThaTNUSsYj0Pv9m-3zBVeaTisXVbvEXLAq6Og/w472-h283/1.jpg" width="472" /></a></div></i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-42447010847615832272024-02-16T06:09:00.000-08:002024-02-16T06:09:08.707-08:00Journey to AchievementAchieving success isn't limited to a privileged few; it's an accessible journey for anyone ready to shoulder the responsibility for their ambitions. Winners adopt a proactive stance, establishing feasible goals and tirelessly pursuing them. Even those categorized as 'failures' often harbor the potential for triumph, lacking only the proper mindset, guidance, or motivation.<br /><br />A positive self-perception is a defining trait of achievers. They actively pursue enlightenment and self-betterment, immersing themselves in biographies and educational resources. Acknowledging life's finite nature, they optimize their time, persistently evolving.<br /><br />Attaining victory is within grasp for everyone. Engaging with uplifting literature and motivational materials allows their messages to seep in through repetition. Cultivating a positive mindset is paramount; thoughts shape attitudes, ultimately shaping one's destiny.<br /><br />Winners recognize the significance of relaxation for mental clarity. Striking a balance between leisure and physical activity, they prioritize both their physical and mental well-being. Visualization of triumph and the capacity to unwind are vital facets of their strategy.<br /><br />Success isn't solely determined by talent; it's the tenacity and mindset that differentiate winners. Gary Player, a golfer of unassuming stature, epitomizes this ethos, relying on perseverance rather than inherent skill.<br /><br />Diligence, determination, and a positive outlook are indispensable ingredients for success. Surrounding oneself with positive, accomplished individuals cultivates progress and inspiration. Aim to soar with the eagles, seeking mentors whose presence enriches and motivates.<br /><br />Success is a fusion of dedication and inspiration, with hard work constituting the bulk of the effort. Contemplate the legacy you aspire to leave behind, echoing the profound impact of luminaries like Thomas Edison. Your quest for success commences with an unwavering commitment to relentless effort and a mindset attuned to accomplishment.<br /><i>Journey to Achievement<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhACUOG6pjAOFWEvPFS8NCSQLPtZYhsfQ97fsh6mk58ljqNP6TyaVd6SgDKananDvQyZLOH9mhEPBAz4wCeM2-Mt1h6liigFTnV3lUXYrjIlZKajRF1UM58oOfzbxOsw8QQMRhq1oL9eaIoYIWGcddkhSxNrvNhy2goxiCfFal7Zbvn5cJbOTk1NA/s866/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="831" data-original-width="866" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhACUOG6pjAOFWEvPFS8NCSQLPtZYhsfQ97fsh6mk58ljqNP6TyaVd6SgDKananDvQyZLOH9mhEPBAz4wCeM2-Mt1h6liigFTnV3lUXYrjIlZKajRF1UM58oOfzbxOsw8QQMRhq1oL9eaIoYIWGcddkhSxNrvNhy2goxiCfFal7Zbvn5cJbOTk1NA/s320/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-44721887925746457092024-01-31T07:56:00.000-08:002024-01-31T07:56:18.954-08:00Tips for True HappinessAre you truly experiencing joy? Do you understand the essence of happiness and the essential steps to attain it? These questions are crucial for those on a quest for happiness. It's vital to recognize that happiness is attainable and requires an active pursuit.<br /><br />A common misconception suggests that some individuals don't deserve happiness, resigning themselves to discontent as an inevitable destiny. Contrary to this, happiness, like any aspect of life, requires intentional cultivation. Consider these recommendations to infuse happiness into your life:<br /><br />1. Identify the sources of joy in your life, embracing your uniqueness without worrying about conforming to others' expectations.<br />2. Formulate a plan to achieve happiness-related goals, enhancing your mood and fostering a sense of accomplishment and self-worth.<br />3. Surround yourself with positive individuals, as their happiness can be contagious, nurturing a more optimistic emotional state.<br />4. When facing challenges, focus on solutions rather than succumbing to self-pity. Happy individuals don't let setbacks dictate their mood; they recognize the capacity to transform circumstances through thoughtful solutions.<br />5. Allocate a few minutes daily to reflect on the positive aspects of your life, nurturing ongoing happiness.<br />6. Dedicate daily time to self-care, whether through a satisfying meal, a relaxing bath, or grooming rituals, subtly uplifting your mood.<br />7. Find humor in appropriate situations, as laughter contributes to happiness, even amid challenging circumstances.<br />8. Prioritize health, as excess weight or neglecting nutrition can adversely affect mood. Regular exercise, in particular, releases endorphins, inducing feelings of happiness.<br />9. Acknowledge daily that you deserve happiness, as self-doubt may impede efforts to attain it.<br /><br />Happiness is often perceived as elusive, with some attributing it to luck. However, incorporating these small yet meaningful daily practices into your life can lead to genuine happiness.<br /><i>Tips for True Happiness</i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-66102619430038481052024-01-24T04:10:00.000-08:002024-01-24T04:10:16.198-08:00Alternative Solutions for DepressionThe deepening of the problem, coupled with the evidence of persistent bouts of depression, highlights a crucial aspect of antidepressant treatment—it often falls short of providing individuals with lives entirely free from the clutches of depression. While these medications may offer some relief by alleviating symptoms, the fundamental issue persists, urging us to look beyond traditional pharmaceutical solutions.<br /><br />Now, more than ever, the imperative to explore alternatives becomes evident. We must seek approaches that empower individuals to effectively address the underlying triggers that perpetuate the cyclic nature of depression. At this critical juncture, it becomes increasingly clear that relying solely on drug treatments reveals their inherent limitations.<br /><br /><b>The key facts surrounding major depression</b>:<br />Clinical or major depression is escalating at an unprecedented rate, reaching across diverse age groups, backgrounds, lifestyles, and nationalities, with only a few exceptions. Up to 20% of the global population grapples with symptoms of depression, underscoring the widespread nature of this mental health challenge. The prevalence of major depression has surged tenfold since 1945, a stark indication of the escalating burden on societal well-being.<br /><br />The typical age for the onset of major depression, identified as 25-29, underscores the vulnerability of a significant demographic. However, certain segments of society have thus far remained untouched by major depression. Despite this, the marked increase in cases suggests that attributing this phenomenon solely to a disease is an oversimplification. Notably, the prevalence of major depression is ten times higher in individuals born after 1945 compared to their predecessors. This stark contrast challenges the notion of a rapid chemical imbalance as the primary cause, given the relatively stable pace of human genetic change.<br /><br />In the latest developments, ongoing research and findings reinforce the complexity of depression. Emerging data suggests that multifaceted factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices, contribute to the development and recurrence of major depression. Understanding these intricate connections is pivotal for devising holistic and personalized interventions that go beyond the limitations of conventional drug therapies.<br /><br />Despite the increasing awareness, an estimated 35 to 40 million Americans currently alive are projected to encounter major depression at some point in their lives, with nearly half grappling with recurring depressive symptoms. This surge cannot be solely attributed to heightened reporting; instead, it underscores a significant issue of misdiagnosis or cases where major depression goes unnoticed. Addressing this challenge is paramount for accurately assessing the overall impact of depression on society and tailoring effective interventions for those in need.<br /><i>Alternative Solutions for Depression</i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-71264462142187820632024-01-12T00:37:00.000-08:002024-01-12T00:37:09.979-08:00 Strategies to Enhance Memory#Enhance recall by utilizing lists.<br /><br />#Establish and stick to a consistent daily routine.<br /><br />#Forge mental connections or associations, like relying on familiar landmarks for navigation.<br /><br />#Maintain a meticulously organized calendar.<br /><br />#Always designate specific locations for vital items, such as keys.<br /><br />#Repeat names when introduced to new individuals.<br /><br />#Participate in activities that activate both mental and physical faculties.<br /><br />#Incorporate the habit of mentally reciting the alphabet to assist in word recall; occasionally, hearing the initial letter can prompt memory retrieval.<br /><i> Strategies to Enhance Memory<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfDqF2ACoMnJH2RrZUtz-ho4wjNLHKWM1cz8OKEsR4q5-gKKf9tv2zkz9Em_zjPNl7qCNag0Eik4JkGpMRfjYTD7gwHD_IcO9G7jI-o7ZlxbHv6V9XkbyQtQdSdWcVX_tw-mce3FMz2jJypRqO4etY0LYK7vzWeYVqCGG4-HzC3TtdDHn_8g2kwA/s757/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="694" data-original-width="757" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfDqF2ACoMnJH2RrZUtz-ho4wjNLHKWM1cz8OKEsR4q5-gKKf9tv2zkz9Em_zjPNl7qCNag0Eik4JkGpMRfjYTD7gwHD_IcO9G7jI-o7ZlxbHv6V9XkbyQtQdSdWcVX_tw-mce3FMz2jJypRqO4etY0LYK7vzWeYVqCGG4-HzC3TtdDHn_8g2kwA/s320/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-57542103295590491992023-12-17T23:39:00.000-08:002023-12-17T23:39:25.930-08:00ALS Overview and SymptomsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is an uncommon and progressive ailment affecting the nerve cells that control voluntary movements. Typically identified between the ages of 40 and 70, with an average diagnosis age of 55, there are instances of ALS emerging in individuals in their twenties and thirties.<br /><br />The initial symptoms may appear in muscles governing speech, swallowing, hands, arms, legs, or feet. Unfortunately, these early cues are frequently disregarded as they are often attributed to clumsiness or fatigue.<br /><br />During the initial stages of ALS, pain is generally absent and remains infrequent in later stages. Bladder control is typically unaffected, and the senses, encompassing taste, smell, touch, and hearing, are generally preserved.<br /><br />Early indications can vary and include problems such as tripping, dropping items, unusual fatigue in the arms or legs, slurred speech, muscle cramps, twitches, and episodes of uncontrollable laughter or crying.<br /><br />ALS specifically targets the nerve cells controlling voluntary muscle movements in activities like walking and talking. The disease results in the gradual deterioration and eventual demise of both groups of motor neurons. When these motor neurons are compromised, they cease transmitting messages to the muscles, leading to their inability to function.<br /><i>ALS Overview and Symptoms</i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-50578920315269213952023-08-09T20:18:00.002-07:002023-08-09T20:18:19.905-07:00Paraphrenia: Characteristics and DifferencesParaphrenia constitutes a mental condition denoting a persistent psychotic disorder marked by a robust delusional aspect, all while maintaining cognitive faculties and personality traits. This disorder commonly arises after the age of 40.<br /><br />Paraphrenia shares resemblances with schizophrenia, albeit usually being less severe in terms of deterioration of one's personality. It typically manifests during the later phases of life, rendering it more prevalent among the elderly. Although the precise prevalence rate remains uncertain, indications propose that paraphrenia occurs only approximately one-tenth as frequently as schizophrenia within inpatient populations.<br /><br />In 1913, Emil Kraepelin introduced the term "paraphrenia" to characterize a chronic psychotic disorder reminiscent of dementia praecox. This condition encompasses a strong delusional element, yet with better-preserved emotional displays and devoid of disruptions in volition.<br /><br />Several years after Kraepelin's definition, Mayer-Gross issued a report concluding that individuals diagnosed with paraphrenia gradually transitioned to an alternative diagnosis. This implied that the differentiation between paraphrenia and schizophrenia lacked a solid foundation.<br /><br />Late-stage paraphrenia patients generally make their debut in old age with persecutory delusions, auditory and/or visual hallucinations, as well as Schneiderian first-rank symptoms. Additional manifestations such as delusions of reference, hypochondriasis, grandiosity, misidentification syndromes, and hallucinations involving other senses may also emerge. Affective symptoms are concurrently present in up to 60% of instances.<br /><br />Individuals affected by paraphrenia similarly encounter what are termed as the "positive" symptoms associated with schizophrenia. However, it does not encompass the "negative" or "cognitive" symptoms linked to schizophrenia that influence an individual's demeanor, emotions, and cognitive processes.<br /><i>Paraphrenia: Characteristics and Differences<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7vLA8sCNf4NwiALfj0TcZFC0gcfugdAUc2o8cALqloPPW8S2WA4a1SRCCmu6pVj9ATfXXfe4GzJ3WG39L-VBsgWzrFwmhvpIjRmSDSnbUK18qpEoPVQ5UA_V8bZrwdcCQxbiOQ5U9HJzEjGg7T7xuCB7orZfoKjAYnmPDCYknzMxRyhWi54P5pw/s295/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="295" data-original-width="236" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7vLA8sCNf4NwiALfj0TcZFC0gcfugdAUc2o8cALqloPPW8S2WA4a1SRCCmu6pVj9ATfXXfe4GzJ3WG39L-VBsgWzrFwmhvpIjRmSDSnbUK18qpEoPVQ5UA_V8bZrwdcCQxbiOQ5U9HJzEjGg7T7xuCB7orZfoKjAYnmPDCYknzMxRyhWi54P5pw/w299-h374/1.jpg" width="299" /></a></div></i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-7709893529582539792023-07-12T08:40:00.003-07:002023-07-12T08:40:19.827-07:00What is capgras syndrome?Capgras syndrome is a form of delusional disorder in which a person has the delusion that a friend, parent, spouse, or other close relative or pet has been replaced by an identical imposter.<br /><br />It can occur along with other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, schizotypal, and neurological disorders. Capgras syndrome should be distinguished from a related class of disorders, prosopagnosia, which is characterized by the inability to recognize people’s faces.<br /><br />Capgras syndrome is a form of delusional misidentification syndrome (DMS) that can occur in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.<br /><br />It is named after Jean Marie Joseph Capgras (1873–1950). He was a French psychiatrist best known for Capgras Delusion; it was described in a study he published in 1923. Dr. Joseph Capgras and his colleague Jean Reboul-Lachaux first encountered this impressive phenomenon when their patient Madame M. insisted that all her friends, family members, relatives and neighbors had been replaced or constantly misunderstood as impostors.<br /><br />The syndrome was initially considered a purely psychotic disorder, but today Capgras syndrome is understood as a neurological disorder in which the delusions are primarily due to organic brain lesions or degeneration.<br /><br />Some patients with Capgras syndrome may deny the identity of the actual spouse and claim that there are two spouses, the real one and the false one.<br /><br />Capgras syndrome is highly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson's disease, Capgras syndrome usually appears years after the onset of dementia. It has been hypothesized that dopamine deficiency may be associated with the development of Capgras syndrome.<br /><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;">What is capgras syndrome?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEawgr8Su_4Fny9PxjKFPPymKfhjz6eq4mjI1cFAiVNRY_hU1ijLK2ZRvx8KTqDPNGLumLGK6GT9s7N9_j9-B86gNz9wg_XR5_1ic9w9uDv7cf2CS1pTbMdlffDAJ7YIlmG8FxjjoXPrWYYrdTq5hB53zbH7KIiocHeGVbm8wv5e9s8ranfliibw/s653/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="395" data-original-width="653" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEawgr8Su_4Fny9PxjKFPPymKfhjz6eq4mjI1cFAiVNRY_hU1ijLK2ZRvx8KTqDPNGLumLGK6GT9s7N9_j9-B86gNz9wg_XR5_1ic9w9uDv7cf2CS1pTbMdlffDAJ7YIlmG8FxjjoXPrWYYrdTq5hB53zbH7KIiocHeGVbm8wv5e9s8ranfliibw/w441-h267/1.jpg" width="441" /></a></div></span></i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-62773836699874262802023-06-23T22:10:00.003-07:002023-06-23T22:10:11.652-07:00Psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic theory was the first of many psychodynamic theories and therapy was developed by Sigmund Freud from the late 19th century, and has undergone many refinements since his work, coming to its height of prominence in the 1960s. <br /><br />Sigmund Freud was known as the founder of psychoanalytic theory. He developed this theory based on the development of the physical science of that time. <br /><br />Freud ‘discovered’ the unconscious which is the basis for all psychodynamic theories. Freud posited that human behavior was built up over time through distinct stages. <br /><br />According to Freud, three important conceptualized parts of the human personality are the id, ego, and superego: the id—unconscious source of primitive sexual, dependency, and aggressive impulses; the superego—subconsciously interjects societal mores, setting standards to live by; and the ego—represents a sense of self and mediates between realities of the moment and psychic needs and conflicts. <br /><br />According to Freud, the id is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories, Based on the pleasure principle, id operates at the unconscious level. His idea of the id explains why people act out in certain ways when it is not in line with the ego or superego. The id is the part of the mind, which holds all of humankind's most basic and primal instincts. <br /><br />During infancy, the ego develops from the id in individuals. The purpose of the ego is to satisfy the demands of the id in a very safe and socially acceptable way. The ego is responsible for creating a balance between pleasure and pain. <br /><br />The ego operates both in conscious and unconscious mind. The ego develops to mediate between the unrealistic id and the real external world. It is the decision-making component of personality. Ideally, the ego works by reason, whereas the id is chaotic and unreasonable. <br /><br />The superego is the last function of the personality to develop and is the embodiment of parental/social ideals established during childhood. The superego is responsible for ensuring moral standards in individuals. It operates on moral principles and motivates them to behave in socially acceptable ways.<br /><b>Psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP98Di4n3lt8-K-0xrshfRrgUl6Ljp_tJKaOe9AgG8Y82GFc9J9WUYOEJmWL5IeqGMUs6sBfTnoj7rBB_qhfOv7-u0fXPLULfeSHyErCotAo8aSmnB2sVb2ee1Livv_oqe3GPzfowH8G5xFD9Dsvzbdsu3BGi47A6zprBVimGlolsIks8BgkRnsg/s624/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="624" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP98Di4n3lt8-K-0xrshfRrgUl6Ljp_tJKaOe9AgG8Y82GFc9J9WUYOEJmWL5IeqGMUs6sBfTnoj7rBB_qhfOv7-u0fXPLULfeSHyErCotAo8aSmnB2sVb2ee1Livv_oqe3GPzfowH8G5xFD9Dsvzbdsu3BGi47A6zprBVimGlolsIks8BgkRnsg/w407-h261/1.jpg" width="407" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-32972739412620020082023-05-29T18:47:00.001-07:002023-05-29T18:48:14.992-07:00Emotional intelligenceEmotions are involved in everything people do: every action, decision and judgement. Emotionally intelligent people recognize this and use their thinking to manage their emotions rather than being managed by them. <br /><br />Emotional intelligence is a type of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide one's thinking and actions. <br /><br />People who possess a high degree of emotional intelligence know themselves very well and are also able to sense the emotions of others. They are affable, resilient, and optimistic. <br /><br />By developing their emotional intelligence individuals can become more productive and successful at what they do, and help others become more productive and successful too. <br /><br />Psychologists John Mayer and Peter Salovey, introduced the concept of emotional intelligence in the early 1990s. According to them, emotions are internal events that coordinate physiological responses, cognitions, and conscious awareness. <br /><br />According to Daniel Goleman in 1998, “Emotional Intelligence refers to the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships” <br /><br />Emotional Intelligence subsumes inter- and intrapersonal intelligences, and involves abilities that may be categorized into five domains:<br /><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Self-awareness</span>:<br />Observing yourself and recognizing a feeling as it happens. <br /><br /><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Managing emotions</span>:<br />Handling feelings so that they are appropriate; realizing what is behind a feeling; finding ways to handle fears and anxieties, anger, and sadness. <br /><br /><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Motivating oneself</span>:<br />Channeling emotions in the service of a goal; emotional self control; delaying gratification and stifling impulses. <br /><br /><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Empathy</span>:<br />Sensitivity to others' feelings and concerns and taking their perspective; appreciating the differences in how people feel about things. <br /><br /><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Handling relationship</span>s:<br />Managing emotions in others; social competence and social skills.<br /><b>Emotional intelligence<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUSWEgMTut7wrBoEeXgU_VckI4qW4DJ6MhGBTWLyxYB8mDwrsBQ_0jPLfcbYMHOdpdXuT5Xgp7iIw7Wn1vkz9UzxaQSrYmvDxZ6Q0YYXJc6jsgXwD_oU3_dbDjOzsV5cttBzI49znSLMRkmTe7hLrYgKcPCSA_t2SVc-ZwbNZVLmzg5eH8fwg/s880/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="880" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUSWEgMTut7wrBoEeXgU_VckI4qW4DJ6MhGBTWLyxYB8mDwrsBQ_0jPLfcbYMHOdpdXuT5Xgp7iIw7Wn1vkz9UzxaQSrYmvDxZ6Q0YYXJc6jsgXwD_oU3_dbDjOzsV5cttBzI49znSLMRkmTe7hLrYgKcPCSA_t2SVc-ZwbNZVLmzg5eH8fwg/w428-h267/2.jpg" width="428" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-81447205937003356162023-05-07T20:42:00.001-07:002023-05-07T20:42:10.443-07:00What is bandwagon consumption behavior?Bandwagon consumption refers the people’s desire to purchase a commodity so they can get into ‘the swim of things’ or to consumers following someone they are connected with. <br /><br />The general rule of bandwagon effect is that conduct or beliefs spread among people, as fads and trends clearly do, with "the probability of any individual adopting it increasing with the proportion who have already done so". As more people come to believe in something, others also "hop on the bandwagon" regardless of the underlying evidence. Bandwagon is first described by Leibenstein’s (1950) ‘consumer demand theory’. Leibenstein, describes consumers’ demand of goods and services on the basis of motivation; classified in two main categories: functional and nonfunctional. <br /><br />Bandwagon effect represents the desire of people to purchase a commodity in order to get into "the swim of things"; in order to conform with the people they wish to be associated with; in order to be fashionable or stylish; or, in order to appear to be "one of the boys." <br /><br />Bandwagon consumption behavior exists when consumers buy a certain product to associate themselves within a specific group, and moreover obtain recognition from their own group. The pattern deeply illustrates the phenomenon of collective consumption behavior which emulates the actions of others, and represents one’s social status, the belonging of a particular group, and conspicuous consumption. <br /><br />Bandwagon consumption pattern deeply illustrates the phenomenon of collective consumption behavior which emulates the actions of others, and represents one’s social status, the belonging of a particular group, and conspicuous consumption. <br /><br />In marketing, the companies usually intend to sell maximum number of products to its consumers in order to yield maximum returns and maximum profits. To capture additional and unusual audiences for a new or improved item, it is very effective to convince the unexploited potential consumers that “everyone else” wants the product. A purchase decision can easily get affected by the rating of five stars from several reviewers. People are ready to spend a high amount of money to buy the fashion goods that others are buying. <br /><br />When individuals make rational choices based on the information they receive from others, economists have proposed that information cascades can quickly form in which people decide to ignore their personal information signals and follow the behavior of others. <br /><br />The consumer behavior literature highlights that people purchase products and brands not only from a utilitarian perspective but also for non-utilitarian reasons such as symbolism and increased status, while the concept is derived from conspicuous consumption.<br /><b>What is bandwagon consumption behavior?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSPTqDYDfYQ4Xn3U0VbDT7Y90Ctfb884wq8gt6-uDsCJSM732ozQ54Ci8um9-AuIdKNFgrAJ9YDOA6UkOGYsddpH4rR907aKSAa_CW-OXdkWejwnDa8mCzSPOAXOy9-8cAeLijRkS46N2BZWOyARSHbD2ylzB6JVtE9QqsMEBZJq2wkW8cBY0/s1136/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="852" data-original-width="1136" height="343" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSPTqDYDfYQ4Xn3U0VbDT7Y90Ctfb884wq8gt6-uDsCJSM732ozQ54Ci8um9-AuIdKNFgrAJ9YDOA6UkOGYsddpH4rR907aKSAa_CW-OXdkWejwnDa8mCzSPOAXOy9-8cAeLijRkS46N2BZWOyARSHbD2ylzB6JVtE9QqsMEBZJq2wkW8cBY0/w458-h343/1.jpg" width="458" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-78873751800581288702023-04-07T20:23:00.010-07:002023-04-07T20:24:29.514-07:00Nervous systemNervous system the part of the human’s body that coordinates its actions and transmits signals to and from different parts of its body. <br /><br />It is most complex system in the human body formed by a network of more than 100 million nerve cells or neurons assisted by many more glial cells. <br /><br />Neuron is a functional unit of structure of nervous tissue. While neuroglial cells support and protecting the neurons. <br /><br />Nervous system controls complicated processes like movement, thought and memory. It also plays an essential role in the things your body does without thinking, such as breathing, blushing and blinking. <br /><br /><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">General Functions of the Nervous System</span></b><br />•Sensory: gathers info about changes occurring within and around the body; sensoryreceptors, at ends of peripheral nerves, send signals to CNS examples–light, oxygen levels, body temperature<br />•Integrative: information is “brought together,” interpreted, to create sensations, create thoughts, add to memory, make decisions, etc.<br />•Motor: sending of signals to muscles and/or glands to elicit a response <br /><br />Main division of nervous system:<br />-Central Nervous System (CNS) interpret incoming sensory information and issue instructions based on past e4perience and current conditions.<br />-Peripheral Nervous System link all parts of the body by carrying impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS and from the CNS to the appropriate glands or muscles.<br /><b>Nervous system<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNtuulA67u3QQFz_e3yXXIdqJf8R5mMDsuTep6iJNF0uqVILMNOHTegGnTG-jZYGFmxeX-7LVL0vN_4eBDgTE-9mza04MHnBJO19skzL4-lC0ROrg2g5hq-280iyJ_aV0-8II5fNbCdMYEz9aKiskqO4wQ4PWtBGkFhJlBVgoOrKfDmXw6PD4/s377/2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="272" data-original-width="377" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNtuulA67u3QQFz_e3yXXIdqJf8R5mMDsuTep6iJNF0uqVILMNOHTegGnTG-jZYGFmxeX-7LVL0vN_4eBDgTE-9mza04MHnBJO19skzL4-lC0ROrg2g5hq-280iyJ_aV0-8II5fNbCdMYEz9aKiskqO4wQ4PWtBGkFhJlBVgoOrKfDmXw6PD4/w468-h338/2.jpg" width="468" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-29126633529704928442023-03-05T00:19:00.003-08:002023-03-05T00:19:16.982-08:00Self-efficacyA concept that was first introduced by Albert Bandura in 1977, self-efficacy refers to a person’s beliefs that he or she is able to effectively perform the tasks needed to attain a valued goal <br /><br />Psychologists have found that if a person has lower levels of self-efficacy, they are more likely to focus on feelings of failure rather than success. People with higher levels of self-efficacy are more likely to cope better in adverse situations. <br /><br />Self-efficacy reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment. <br /><br />Self-efficacy can play an important role in health psychology and how people manage their health, nutrition, and illness. <br /><br />Maintaining a weight loss plan, managing chronic pain, giving up alcohol, sticking to an exercise schedule, and following an eating plan can all be influenced by a person's levels of self-efficacy. People who are able to exert some control over their lives fare better and experience a better quality of life. Virtually everyone has some degree of self-efficacy. <br /><br />There are four sources of self-efficacy: mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological and affective states.<br /><b>Self-efficacy<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZM5qxS8FrPVLUV8nRh1wSacz35rovg3ncqPwjKHSs2S7MmX2Xtdcecp62QTYyKxM2GiNVDb7TjeUegPv4R-sMZ8cc_56G9l7OHjLDmJ-ws5Q6vVVBL7eTBaL43qXgBMaiQVCBXig79E4HMhTEVIf3y3hjWpsk3b1K3ed_6j8hhhVh7l0FSew/s420/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="420" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZM5qxS8FrPVLUV8nRh1wSacz35rovg3ncqPwjKHSs2S7MmX2Xtdcecp62QTYyKxM2GiNVDb7TjeUegPv4R-sMZ8cc_56G9l7OHjLDmJ-ws5Q6vVVBL7eTBaL43qXgBMaiQVCBXig79E4HMhTEVIf3y3hjWpsk3b1K3ed_6j8hhhVh7l0FSew/w489-h348/1.jpg" width="489" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-27885469717248715292023-01-26T19:00:00.002-08:002023-01-26T19:00:19.816-08:00Oppositional defiant disorderOppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a type of behaviour disorder in which the child displays a pattern of uncooperative, defiant and angry behaviour toward peers, parents, teachers, and other authority figures. They are more troubling to others than they are to themselves. ODD also includes being spiteful and seeking revenge, a behavior called vindictiveness. <br /><br />These emotional and behavioural issues cause serious problems with family life, social activities, school and work. It is theorized that ODD may develop as a result of the child having difficulty learning to become independent from a parent or other loved one. <br /><br />ODD is more common in boys than in girls. It most commonly begins by age 8. Children with the following mental health problems are also more likely to have ODD:<br />*Mood or anxiety disorders<br />*Conduct disorder<br />*Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) <br /><br />Emotional and behavioral symptoms of ODD generally last at least six months. They include angry and irritable mood, argumentative and defiant behavior, and hurtful and revengeful behavior. <br /><br />Many children and teens with ODD also have other behavioral problems, like attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities, mood disorders (such as depression), and anxiety disorders. About 30% of children with ODD develop a more serious behavior condition called conduct disorder. ODD behaviors can continue into adulthood if ODD isn’t properly diagnosed and treated. <br /><br />Children with ODD and CD have difficulty maintaining appropriate behavioral relationships with peers, family, and authority figures, and they commonly display aggression and anger. Conduct disorder (CD) is a condition in which the child or adolescent shows an ongoing pattern of aggression toward others.<br /><b>Oppositional defiant disorder<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDWbtKfliFrJULKlLZytHRaSDJWXkuxbvK8imz0MDzqqiI4TgPHV4TzzO6nwwA-BiaGM1khzTosBazU38Hsao3KAEDd-1P_4UmlnuGuTc4moDKLfbCNoTuCGNq-P9ehENRk740PBrsWQwslEJERQyHLNer1X3T9F4RPaE-Lx50BFT-W6hpiuo/s540/1-LAPTOP-O844GS9F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="540" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDWbtKfliFrJULKlLZytHRaSDJWXkuxbvK8imz0MDzqqiI4TgPHV4TzzO6nwwA-BiaGM1khzTosBazU38Hsao3KAEDd-1P_4UmlnuGuTc4moDKLfbCNoTuCGNq-P9ehENRk740PBrsWQwslEJERQyHLNer1X3T9F4RPaE-Lx50BFT-W6hpiuo/w450-h250/1-LAPTOP-O844GS9F.jpg" width="450" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-84792560872462438382022-12-17T18:19:00.007-08:002022-12-17T18:19:38.786-08:00Narcissistic personality disorderNarcissistic personality disorder is a mental health condition in which people have an unreasonably high sense of their own importance. <br /><br />Narcissistic personality disorder involves a pattern of self-centered, arrogant thinking and behavior, a lack of empathy and consideration for other people, and an excessive need for admiration. <br /><br />The word “narcissism” is derived from the name of a Greek mythological figure: Narcissus, the son of a god, fell in love with his own reflection in the waters of a spring. The term “narcissism” is commonly used to describe anyone with an inflated sense of self-worth. <br /><br />They need and seek too much attention and want people to admire them. People with this disorder may lack the ability to understand or care about the feelings of others. <br /><br />Those who suffer from narcissism usually seem themselves as superior to others. Their sense of self relies on setting themselves apart from the crowd. They will take purposeful steps in order to make sure they remain on top. <br /><br />The world of the narcissist is all about good-bad, superior-inferior, and right-wrong. There is a definite hierarchy, with the narcissist at the top—which is the only place he feels safe. <br /><br />The narcissist does not truly trust others in close relationships. Because the narcissist does not trust others, he refuses to put himself in a position where he feels vulnerable. Their tendency is to turn the blame on to others. What's more, they are extremely sensitive and react badly to even the slightest criticisms, disagreements, or perceived slights, which they view as personal attacks. <br /><br />Although narcissists like to be in control, they never want to be responsible for the results—unless, of course, everything goes exactly their way and their desired result occurs. <br /><br />A narcissistic personality disorder causes problems in many areas of life, such as relationships, work, school or financial matters. People with narcissistic personality disorder may be generally unhappy and disappointed when they're not given the special favors or admiration that they believe they deserve.<br /><b>Narcissistic personality disorder<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4JNLEnNVi-7Efl1B5WO8z7uTUQoUBMw6xJzPxztN8zgU8nM80WRN3XX4GNb-Pe4HMA8l-MMD1oyx2DeIdWCAGMBXt36dIiITrJXjq-G6t7VGJljTWCXDSJ2Glng5JIMHquNMIbWlzQ2883ep07t1-SihoxjPfYUBLc3yi5AwHDx-zzskhmWI/s800/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="529" data-original-width="800" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4JNLEnNVi-7Efl1B5WO8z7uTUQoUBMw6xJzPxztN8zgU8nM80WRN3XX4GNb-Pe4HMA8l-MMD1oyx2DeIdWCAGMBXt36dIiITrJXjq-G6t7VGJljTWCXDSJ2Glng5JIMHquNMIbWlzQ2883ep07t1-SihoxjPfYUBLc3yi5AwHDx-zzskhmWI/w471-h312/1.jpg" width="471" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-19379547090669687712022-11-23T08:47:00.002-08:002022-11-23T08:47:17.576-08:00Emotional distressA general distillation of the literature suggests that stress denotes a real or perceived perturbation to an organism’s physiological homeostasis or psychological well-being. Stress is a psychological and physiological reaction to an event or condition that is considered a threat or challenge. <br /><br />However, distress can be defined as an aversive, negative state in which coping and adaptation processes fail to return an organism to physiological and/or psychological homeostasis. It is also named as emotional harm, mental anguish, mental distress, mental disturbance, mental suffering. <br /><br />In general, emotional distress occurs when the person experiencing an extreme level of unpleasant emotions. It may result from a mental health issue or particular circumstances, such as relationship difficulties or financial strain. <br /><br />For those who have lived through a natural or human-caused disaster, the anniversary of the event may renew feelings of fear, anxiety, and sadness. Certain sounds, such as sirens, can also trigger emotional distress. <br /><br />For some people, distress is due to a traumatic experience or event, such as a death in the family. It can also result from a wide range of underlying mental health conditions. <br /><br />Emotional distress can involve a range of symptoms.<br />· feelings of depression, anxiety, or emotional numbness<br />· difficulty managing anger<br />· declining performance at work or school<br />· having difficulty thinking or remembering<br />· compulsive/obsessive behaviors<br />· feeling overwhelmed, helpless, or hopeless<br />· trouble making decisions or processing information<br />· feeling guilty without a clear cause<br />· unusual irritability or aggression<br />· sleep disturbances<br />· dramatic weight fluctuations/changes in eating patterns<br />· experiencing physical symptoms, like all-over fatigue, headaches, or stomach pain<br />· spending a lot of time worrying <br /><br />In tort law, there are two causes of action that involve infliction of emotional distress: intentional infliction of emotional distress and negligent infliction of emotional distress i.e., bystander action.<br /><b>Emotional distress<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx0cj-2DMNAYfu7eUmy3Vco8T7TjESFLsKDtv_88H7IgPiGsHrofjF_G-TARDa01HXh1H2rK-j3ahsMQiYDx7sXcFpgdyFnIs9xYGEhjAQ0us9a7zodye8AoWVTT-uJnvVAHIrsPqPaBxW5bxkkQXGThOtOb-8MSQxiibP_tfD1_jxXNgYBts/s450/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="450" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx0cj-2DMNAYfu7eUmy3Vco8T7TjESFLsKDtv_88H7IgPiGsHrofjF_G-TARDa01HXh1H2rK-j3ahsMQiYDx7sXcFpgdyFnIs9xYGEhjAQ0us9a7zodye8AoWVTT-uJnvVAHIrsPqPaBxW5bxkkQXGThOtOb-8MSQxiibP_tfD1_jxXNgYBts/w443-h295/1.jpg" width="443" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-29215913824178419622022-10-29T20:24:00.005-07:002022-10-29T20:24:42.810-07:00Senile behaviorSenile also known as senile dementia is the mental deterioration (loss of intellectual ability) that is associated with or the characteristics of old age and especially: exhibiting a loss of cognitive abilities, such as memory, associated with old age. <br /><br />Aging is a natural stage of life, which implies gradual changes in the physiological system related to age. This process is influenced by genetic factors and habits adopted throughout life, which can result in senile aging. <br /><br />Senility is characterized by a decrease in cognitive abilities or mental decline. This may include the person’s inability to concentrate, to recall information, and to properly judge a situation. <br /><br />Getting senile is a very serious condition, as an older person might have trouble remembering who their own children are. Many people in nursing homes are senile, because their families aren't able to provide proper care. <br /><br />Senile dementia is a mental disorder of gradual onset and continual progression, characterized by a certain type of memory impairment - namely an amnestic syndrome, the essential feature of which is severe impairment of immediate recall, shortened retention span, disorientation, loss of recent and remote memories and sometimes confabulations. <br /><br />Two major types of senile dementia are identified as: those due to generalized “atrophy” (Alzheimer’s-type dementia) and those due to vascular problems (mainly, strokes). Senile dementia is often used when referring to Alzheimer’s disease.<br /><b>Senile behavior<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtWZgMKGMkd6ybO5hckV_xlXzDzDPoo0Tc5eqyOEjiqzRDr_sR5SAY-d2odmJEr-L508ttfjHVBITs95k3iOf5i59DkWrG8qgpPj3_lFDHKcPRMb1ARIKluOX8RselaX1n4L33tFlyUlFCD2LAjj84yeRP99JLUGjOHUjaDukhO_qRVtFluFE/s750/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="676" data-original-width="750" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtWZgMKGMkd6ybO5hckV_xlXzDzDPoo0Tc5eqyOEjiqzRDr_sR5SAY-d2odmJEr-L508ttfjHVBITs95k3iOf5i59DkWrG8qgpPj3_lFDHKcPRMb1ARIKluOX8RselaX1n4L33tFlyUlFCD2LAjj84yeRP99JLUGjOHUjaDukhO_qRVtFluFE/w424-h382/1.jpg" width="424" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-79094083373620177682022-09-23T06:54:00.004-07:002022-09-23T06:54:00.159-07:00Major depressive disorder Major depressive disorder is the most commonly diagnosed depressive disorder. A person with major depressive disorder becomes very low spirited and loses their enjoyment of life. <br /><br />Major depression is a medical condition distinguished by one or more major depressive episodes. A major depressive episode is characterized by at least two weeks of depressed mood or loss of interest (pleasure)and accompanied by at least more symptoms of depression. <br /><br />Such symptoms can include changes in appetite, weight, difficulty in thinking and concentrating and recurrent thought of death or suicide. <br /><br />An episode can occur only once in a person’s lifetime, but more often, a person has several episodes. <br /><br />Major depressive disorder pathology has been associated with brain monoamine neurotransmitter or receptor abnormalities. Studies of cerebrospinal fluid chemistry, neuroreceptor, and transporter systems, as well as clinical response to monoaminergic agents, have suggested that serotonergic, noradrenergic, other neurotransmitter, and neuropeptide systems may be abnormal in major depressive disorder. <br /><br />Major depressive disorder is frequently associated with comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions and carries with it a high risk of morbidity and mortality. <br /><b>Major depressive disorder<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis0YEL_rpQUjT3U1SyhRkI6QDwU5BrKSiNnogchHIi3eMFHVuZTE-etfxBxKmzTVfbysZGQ6zBm62_zV0drqRqenF40yrl8PEb9rurR2OzkLEmRVtpePLtt8N_YVkRLmpgCpn_HNKKU0xP7DfN5G7Dw4qwePiiELzGUF4hH2fe6wr0EeTiDxk/s549/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="532" height="431" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis0YEL_rpQUjT3U1SyhRkI6QDwU5BrKSiNnogchHIi3eMFHVuZTE-etfxBxKmzTVfbysZGQ6zBm62_zV0drqRqenF40yrl8PEb9rurR2OzkLEmRVtpePLtt8N_YVkRLmpgCpn_HNKKU0xP7DfN5G7Dw4qwePiiELzGUF4hH2fe6wr0EeTiDxk/w417-h431/1.jpg" width="417" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-86326159123980307962022-09-18T22:43:00.004-07:002022-09-18T22:43:26.321-07:00NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters are small molecules that carry messages among axons and between the nervous system and other tissues and organs. They are chemical messengers by which neurons communicate with each other. High <br /><br />Neurotransmitter carries, boosts, and balances signals between neurons (nerve cells) and target cells throughout the body. These target cells may be in glands, muscles, or other neurons. <br /><br />Network of nerves 0r nervous system controls everything from human mind to his muscles, as well as organ functions. In other words, nerves are involved in everything human being do, think and feel. <br /><br />Some common neurotransmitters in the brain and body include serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and endorphins. <br /><br />Neurotransmitters are located in a part of the neuron called the axon terminal. They’re stored within thin-walled sacs called synaptic vesicles. Each vesicle can contain thousands of neurotransmitter molecules. <br /><br />When stimulated, the vesicles merge with the cell membrane of the presynaptic cell, and the neurotransmitter is released into the synapse, or “synaptic space.” The target cells contain receptors where the neurotransmitters can bind and trigger changes in the cells.<br /><b>Neurotransmitters<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWV5XLfRUSfcfJr9m808ofy9I5FbCMdIUQW9G2IC2-pdEmfNEDylkCyhfTI0e5k8SOJS5O3IyIAILkg6Fxwsz_DSNzoB2jglL3ZnshGoQF2Mf-v3tePHIqwqD57JxFaGcGYMb34vk7tL3iC5hDk2jysg4qBs-I9u7QVFddkRzE80LBQ6b2J2A/s463/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="463" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWV5XLfRUSfcfJr9m808ofy9I5FbCMdIUQW9G2IC2-pdEmfNEDylkCyhfTI0e5k8SOJS5O3IyIAILkg6Fxwsz_DSNzoB2jglL3ZnshGoQF2Mf-v3tePHIqwqD57JxFaGcGYMb34vk7tL3iC5hDk2jysg4qBs-I9u7QVFddkRzE80LBQ6b2J2A/w415-h362/1.jpg" width="415" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-69888671546882492902022-08-22T02:30:00.004-07:002022-08-22T02:30:12.964-07:00What are the symptoms of hoarding disorder?Hoarding disorder is a severe psychological disorder in which a person feels a strong need to save a large number of items, whether they have monetary value or not, and experiences significant distress when attempting to get rid of the items. <br /><br />A person with hoarding disorder experiences distress at the thought of getting rid of the items. Hoarding can have a huge impact on a person’s ability to function independently and can carry a high level of risk for themselves and others. <br /><br />People with hoarding disorder feel a strong need to save their possessions. Other symptoms include:<br />*Inability to discard items.<br />*Become extremely attached to possessions.<br />*Collecting items that may have little or no monetary value.<br />*Experiencing extreme stress when attempting to throw out items.<br />*Anxiety about needing items in the future.<br />*Uncertainty about where to put things.<br />*Difficulty managing daily tasks.<br />*Find it hard to categorize or organize items<br />*Distrust of other people touching possessions.<br />*Living in unusable spaces due to clutter.<br />*Having poor relationships with family or friends.<br />*Having a tendency toward indecisiveness, perfectionism, avoidance, procrastination, and problems with planning and organizing.<br /><b>What are the symptoms of hoarding disorder?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisgKj5SuWqcVVFe4chh6HLD1qDs8_7Vp7esyQMhd2il2elvoVa7o75hiub2eU7gj2PS1WQpcYam3Xk28fSwHDAJebPbO_Tuv6p7NpNpNFnwxty4zjUcKp5Hk0NWPXycZ9UhYJ4oMHudp3jq2j3bSSEi_0jbxJUXxHThUGMo0c87QsrpYQZEuk/s1636/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1227" data-original-width="1636" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisgKj5SuWqcVVFe4chh6HLD1qDs8_7Vp7esyQMhd2il2elvoVa7o75hiub2eU7gj2PS1WQpcYam3Xk28fSwHDAJebPbO_Tuv6p7NpNpNFnwxty4zjUcKp5Hk0NWPXycZ9UhYJ4oMHudp3jq2j3bSSEi_0jbxJUXxHThUGMo0c87QsrpYQZEuk/w523-h393/1.jpg" width="523" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-75821255436212627902022-07-27T08:38:00.007-07:002022-07-27T08:38:59.109-07:00Nerve impulseA nervous impulse is an electric signal that transmits messages between the different parts of the body. Nerve impulses are mostly electrical signals along the dendrites to produce a nerve impulse or action potential. This electric signal produced by a neuron when stimulated. This signal is then transmitted by synapses, or connections between the cells. <br /><br />The transmission of a nerve impulse along a neuron from one end to the other occurs as a result of electrical changes across the membrane of the neuron. <br /><br />Nerve impulses are critical because they are required for neurons to send information about senses, movement, thinking and feeling to other cell types in the neural circuitry. And an impulse is not fired up just once; it is initiated and then must be repeatedly transmitted along axons. <br /><br />This signal is relayed along the axon of the nerve cell, bringing a message that instructs an effector to act. For instance, in neuromuscular junction, the nerve impulse moves along the axon of a nerve cell to instruct a muscle cell to contract. <br /><br />The place where an axon terminal meets another cell is called a synapse. This is where the transmission of a nerve impulse to another cell occurs. The cell that sends the nerve impulse is called the presynaptic cell, and the cell that receives the nerve impulse is called the postsynaptic cell. <br /><br />There are two types of nervous impulses.<br />*The first pass from the skin’s receptors or from internal organs to the brain and relay information from the brain to the muscles and glands.<br />*The others transmit information between two types of neurons.<br /><b>Nerve impulse<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhrISUOSsZXDuj9xo36zjy4dmv5yBp1X1topGYwd2F3-GHJyLimxQupsc9E9BDXQGLLFy1PLA2XbLQO6cGAp9ksaSU5NXLXlRoHruFhK1Dc7xtTFlnOxzwuLmkzTZ61ZVpbXGHFfXCUcQEMkBX-xyALtK8JXLUQf50hAxZRV4V_mho4kWLO6I/s624/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="610" data-original-width="624" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhrISUOSsZXDuj9xo36zjy4dmv5yBp1X1topGYwd2F3-GHJyLimxQupsc9E9BDXQGLLFy1PLA2XbLQO6cGAp9ksaSU5NXLXlRoHruFhK1Dc7xtTFlnOxzwuLmkzTZ61ZVpbXGHFfXCUcQEMkBX-xyALtK8JXLUQf50hAxZRV4V_mho4kWLO6I/s320/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-88515616488997807402022-07-05T19:08:00.005-07:002022-07-05T19:08:40.892-07:00Fear of Missing out (FoMO)Fear of missing out (FoMO) is a unique term of an emotional response to feeling or perception that others are having more fun, living better, more satisfying lives, or experiencing better things than him. It involves a deep sense of envy and affects self-esteem. <br /><br />FoMO includes two processes; firstly, perception of missing out, followed up with a compulsive behavior to maintain these social connections. <br /><br />FoMO is generated by the amygdala -- the part of the brain that detects whether or not something is a threat to survival. This part of the brain perceives the impression of being left out as a threat, creating stress and anxiety. <br /><br />It is associated to problematic social media usage and can be experienced as a range of negative emotions and feelings related to the need to belong. Smartphones and social media have accelerated the FoMO phenomenon by creating situations in which users are constantly comparing their lives to the idealized experiences they see posted online. apps and websites. <br /><br />Social media has accelerated the FoMO phenomenon in several ways. It provides a situation in which he is comparing his regular life to the highlights of others' lives. <br /><br />Research shows that a fear of missing out can stem from unhappiness and dissatisfaction with life. FoMO, it can impact the person’s sleep and eating habits, leading to: fatigue, headaches, lack of motivation, performance issues at work or school, burnout.<br /><b>Fear of Missing out (FoMO)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Sgu6iPbXUclwnIoQRHsg_cxnOWUdyXIDsi1kpeUu7RAPiMFB6j1sa3gWhYD03Tk2yp3FIENXdjAvk4T2QfoMxm2nb5ACnnKdVGHoG4Qp4ES45aLTRcHThBCJbhRGKIWmY_jQ1R5iW2ciEAJSBI6vkhRE-QyUrAFA0IHhkMEgKco11ksoNiA/s2048/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="2048" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Sgu6iPbXUclwnIoQRHsg_cxnOWUdyXIDsi1kpeUu7RAPiMFB6j1sa3gWhYD03Tk2yp3FIENXdjAvk4T2QfoMxm2nb5ACnnKdVGHoG4Qp4ES45aLTRcHThBCJbhRGKIWmY_jQ1R5iW2ciEAJSBI6vkhRE-QyUrAFA0IHhkMEgKco11ksoNiA/w477-h268/1.jpg" width="477" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-63036832669587688012022-05-27T22:29:00.000-07:002022-05-27T22:29:01.144-07:00What is psychoanalysis?Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of analyzing psychic phenomena and treating emotional disorders that involves treatment sessions during which the patient is encouraged to talk freely about personal experiences and especially about early childhood and dreams. The core of psychoanalysis is the belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories. <br /><br />The concept of psychoanalysis was first popularized by the famous psychologist, Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalysis is based on the belief that all humans have deep, unconscious beliefs, thoughts, memories, and desires. It is also Freud who coined and introduced the term psychoanalysis. <br /><br />The most controversial work of Sigmund Freud is the theory of the psychosexual stages. This theory, like Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory, is a development theory. <br /><br />The primary assumption of psychoanalysis is the belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories. <br /><br />It aims at structural changes and modifications of a person's personality. Psychoanalysis suggests that people can experience catharsis and gain insight into their current state of mind by bringing the content of the unconscious into conscious awareness. <br /><br />Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight.<br /><b>What is psychoanalysis?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh-Z_Ebj1ID6JmKunjcEIhpwWa4iMldgl7xwAdHK2Cb0938zSWvlaTp19Xp_WhR3pIbTmbMtU5BpS75-bUE8_pYAtLAT6rz4Rd2mXknwy_a1YOU1yyLLlZ636EPrFsoqAEf62cpe-Bvn6NV80nmTkeK9F61KJ5npKiNokPFg6TEefr3S3YDZo/s852/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="577" data-original-width="852" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh-Z_Ebj1ID6JmKunjcEIhpwWa4iMldgl7xwAdHK2Cb0938zSWvlaTp19Xp_WhR3pIbTmbMtU5BpS75-bUE8_pYAtLAT6rz4Rd2mXknwy_a1YOU1yyLLlZ636EPrFsoqAEf62cpe-Bvn6NV80nmTkeK9F61KJ5npKiNokPFg6TEefr3S3YDZo/w424-h287/1.jpg" width="424" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36160374.post-17836283870563471362022-05-14T23:16:00.000-07:002022-05-14T23:17:08.461-07:00Mental illness: Definition and problems arise from mental illnessMental health problems are among the most important contributors to the burden of disease and disability worldwide. Five of the 10 leading causes of disability worldwide are mental health problems. <br /><br />A mental illness is a health problem that significantly affects how a person feels, thinks, behaves, and interacts with other people. It is a disease that affect cognition, emotion, and behavioral control and substantially interfere both with the ability of children to learn and with the ability of adults to function in their families, at work, and in the broader society. <br /><br />Mental illness tend to begin early in life and often run a chronic recurrent course. A mental health problem also interferes with how a person thinks, feels, and behaves, but to a lesser extent than a mental illness. <br /><br />According to ILO, mental illness hits more human lives and gives rise to a greater waste of human resources than all other forms of disability. <br /><br />Five of the 10 leading causes of disability worldwide are mental problems (major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, alcohol use and obsessive-compulsive disorders). <br /><br />The illnesses have complex etiologies that involve interactions among multiple genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Gender is related to risk in many cases: males have higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and sub-stance use disorders; females have higher rates of major depressive disorder, most anxiety disorders, and eating disorders. <br /><br />Mental illnesses are of different types and degrees of severity. Some of the major types are depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, personality disorders, and eating disorders. The most common mental illnesses are anxiety and depressive disorders. <br /><br />Risk of suicide is heightened for people with some mental illnesses, particularly soon after diagnosis or release from hospital. <br /><b>Mental illness: Definition and problems arise from mental illness<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWUrqdVCW-1Y1pCcJw2e1W6FeqG6fu6z7n5lxFQ_vW-oR9pWd8L-vSPyJxxw0zuxjhBHQ1S4IATAVtVgCd9Ac4h3M4QtY9KJZgQMxD7vqxJsFOuggDD809qZ4eOseOznEPSRzl6jfFSkV4khoWRv9hs8ssevnK00OeWUqDvsGXZOZDFvsCEwM/s550/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="550" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWUrqdVCW-1Y1pCcJw2e1W6FeqG6fu6z7n5lxFQ_vW-oR9pWd8L-vSPyJxxw0zuxjhBHQ1S4IATAVtVgCd9Ac4h3M4QtY9KJZgQMxD7vqxJsFOuggDD809qZ4eOseOznEPSRzl6jfFSkV4khoWRv9hs8ssevnK00OeWUqDvsGXZOZDFvsCEwM/w397-h271/1.jpg" width="397" /></a></div></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com